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Ondrej L. Krivanek FRS (born Ondřej Ladislav Křivánek; August 1, 1950) is a Czech/British physicist resident in the United States, and a leading developer of electron-optical instrumentation. He was born in Prague, and graduated from a gymnasium there. In 1968 he moved to the UK, where he graduated from Leeds University and obtained his Ph.D. in Physics from Cambridge University (Trinity College), and became a British citizen in 1975. His post-doctoral work at Kyoto University, Bell Laboratories and UC Berkeley established him as a leading high resolution electron microscopist, who obtained some of the first atomic resolution images of grain boundaries in semiconductors and of interfaces in semiconductor devices.〔O.L. Krivanek (1978) “High resolution imaging of grain boundaries and interfaces”, Proceedings of Nobel Symposium 47, Chemica Scripta 14, 213.〕 Starting in the late 1970s, he designed a series of electron energy loss (EEL) spectrometers and imaging filters, first as an assistant professor at Arizona State University and a consultant to Gatan Inc., and later as director of R&D at Gatan.〔http://www.gatan.com/company/about/〕 These became highly successful, with over 500 installations world-wide. He also co-authored, with Channing Ahn, the EELS Atlas,〔C.C. Ahn and O.L. Krivanek (1983) "EELS Atlas - a reference guide of electron energy loss spectra covering all stable elements" (ASU HREM Facility & Gatan Inc, Warrendale, PA, 1983)〕 now a standard reference for electron energy loss spectroscopy, pioneered the design and use of slow-scan CCD cameras for electron microscopy,〔O.L. Krivanek and P.E. Mooney (1993) "Applications of slow scan CCD cameras in transmission electron microscopy", Ultramicroscopy 49, 95〕 and developed efficient microscope aberration diagnosis and tuning algorithms.〔O.L. Krivanek and G.Y. Fan (1994) "Application of slow-scan CCD cameras to on-line microscope control", Scanning Microscopy Supplement 6, 105〕 He also initiated the development and designed the first user interface of DigitalMicrograph, which went on to become the world’s leading electron microscopy image acquisition and processing software. The imaging filters he designed were corrected for second order aberrations and distortions, and he next took up the correction of third order aberrations, a key problem in electron microscopy. Following an unsuccessful application for funding in the US, he applied, successfully, for support to the Royal Society (jointly with L. Michael Brown FRS and Andrew Bleloch). He then took an unpaid leave of absence from Gatan to develop an aberration corrector for a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) in Cambridge UK, together with Niklas Dellby and others. In 1997, this led to the first STEM aberration corrector that succeeded in improving the resolution of the electron microscope it was built into.〔O.L. Krivanek, N. Dellby, A.J. Spence, R.A. Camps and L.M. Brown (1997) "Aberration correction in the STEM", IoP Conference Series No 153 (Ed. J M Rodenburg, 1997) p. 35. and O.L. Krivanek, N. Dellby and A.R. Lupini (1999) "Towards sub-Å electron beams", Ultramicroscopy 78, 1-11〕 Also in 1997 and with Niklas Dellby, he started Nion Co.,〔http://www.nion.com/〕 where they produced a new corrector design. In 2000 this corrector became the first commercially delivered electron microscope aberration corrector in the world (to IBM TJ Watson Research Center〔http://domino.research.ibm.com/comm/research_projects.nsf/pages/stem-eels.index.html〕), and soon after delivery it produced the first directly interpretable sub-Å resolution images obtained by any type of an electron microscope.〔P.E. Batson, N. Dellby and O.L. Krivanek (2002) “Sub-Ångstrom resolution using aberration corrected electron optics”, Nature 418, 617.〕 Nion correctors delivered to Oak Ridge National Laboratory produced the first directly interpretable sub-Å resolution electron microscope images of a crystal lattice〔P.D. Nellist, M.F. Chisholm, N. Dellby, O.L. Krivanek, M.F. Murfitt, Z.S. Szilagyi, A.R. Lupini, A. Borisevich, W.H. Sides and S.J. Pennycook, (2004) “Direct sub-Ångstrom imaging of a crystal lattice”, Science 305, 1741.〕 and the first EEL spectra of single atoms in a bulk solid.〔M. Varela, S.D. Findlay, A.R. Lupini, H.M. Christen, A.Y. Borisevich, N. Dellby, O.L. Krivanek, P.D. Nellist, M.P. Oxley, L.J. Allen and S.J. Pennycook (2004) “Spectroscopic Imaging of Single Atoms Within a Bulk Solid “, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 095502.〕 Nion has since progressed onto designing and manufacturing whole scanning transmission electron microscopes that have produced many further world-leading results,〔http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2012821035_microscope06m.html〕 such as atomic-resolution elemental mapping〔D.A. Muller, L. Fitting Kourkoutis, M.F. Murfitt, J.H. Song, H.Y. Hwang, J. Silcox, N. Dellby and O. L. Krivanek. (2008) “Atomic-Scale Chemical Imaging of Composition and Bonding by Aberration-Corrected Microscopy”, Science 319, 1073.〕 and analytical imaging in which every individual atom is resolved and identified.〔O. L. Krivanek, M.F. Chisholm, V. Nicolosi, T.J. Pennycook, G.J. Corbin, N. Dellby, M.F. Murfitt, C.S. Own, Z.S. Szilagyi, M.P. Oxley, S.T. Pantelides , and S.J. Pennycook (2010) "Atom-by-atom structural and chemical analysis by annular dark field electron microscopy" Nature 464 (2010) 571.〕 He is currently President of Nion Co. and Affiliate Professor at Arizona State University. His prizes and honors include *2nd place at the 2nd International Physics Olympiad (in Budapest in 1968, as team member for Czechoslovakia)〔http://www.jyu.fi/ipho/〕 *1st places in special and parallel slaloms at the 1975 Oxford-Cambridge Varsity ski race *R&D100 Award (for imaging filter design, with A.J. Gubbens and N. Dellby, 1993)〔http://www.rdmag.com/RD100SearchResults.aspx?&strCompany=Gatan&Type=C〕 *Seto prize of the Japanese Microscopy Society (1999) *Duddell Medal and Prize of the British Institute of Physics *Distinguished Scientist Award of the Microscopy Society of America (2008)〔http://www.microscopy.org/awards/past.cfm#scientist〕 *election to Royal Society Fellowship (2010).〔http://royalsociety.org/about-us/fellowship/new-fellows-2010/〕〔List of Fellows of the Royal Society〕 == References == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ondrej Krivanek」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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